Operative fluid delivery control device



March V M. MENNESSON 2,313,002

0 OPER A-TIVE FLUI D DELIVERY CONTROL DEVICE File d May 16, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

MarceZ fld'enneaaow,

$1,51 I \GMTTORNEYS.

March 2, 1943. M.-MENNESSON r- 13, 02

OPERATIVE FLUID DELIVERY CONTROL DEVICE Fild May 16, 1938 Sheets-Sheet 2 invent far.- Ware-e5 07697272655071;

ufliZorraey m derstood it will now be Patented Mar. 2, 1943 orena'rrvn mum DELIVERY common nevrcn Marcel Mennesson,

Neuilly sur-Seine, France; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application May 16, 1938, Serial No. 208,303

In France September 11', 1937 1 Claim.

This invention relates to the'controls of carburation devices for internal combustion engines and more especially but not exclusively to such controls for aircraft engines.

It is known that such carburation devices comprise numerous regulating elements such ascontrols for the supply of the combustible gases, for their richness, for economising, for altimetric correction, for choking, for limiting the admission, and otherwise.

It the aircraft are multi-engined and if the engines themselves have several carburetors, the controls of these elements require very long rod and link systems, subject to vibrations and disorders. As these controls should not have. any

play, there is considerable stifl'ness in the operation of the hand levers atthe disposal of the pilot, or of any automatic control apparatus.

, The present invention has for its object making such automatic or other controls simple and capable of being operated with greater ease.

According to the invention, one or more of the controls are acted upon through the intermediary of at least one relay operating under the eiiect of a variation of pressure created at a distance by asingle apparatus, controlled by hand or automatically, and which can be located at any desired distance from the control to be acted upon. The means for controlling the apparatus producing variations of pressure may comprise automatically operating. means which are-themselves subjected to variations oi pressure taken at suitably chosen points. barometric means may be can become damaged withoutinterrupting the functioning of the control to be operated on.

Additionally thehand-operable and automatic means may be combined so that it is possible to modify at will the functioning of the automatic means. -f In order that the invention may be better described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows, in diagrammatic vertical section,

I a control device, operable by hand and con-- structed according to a first method of carrying the'invention into efiect. Figs. 2 and 3 show, simil two variations of this first Fig. 4 shows, similarly, device constructed accord of carrying the invention arly and respectively, method. I

an automatic control ing to a second method into effect.

Figs. 5 and 6 show, similarly and respectively,

two variations of this second method.

manometric or barometric On Big. 1 is shown two distinct chambers 2 and 3, which diaphragm can actuate a rod 4' terminating in a needle 5. of suitably chosen shape, moving in a calibrated orifice 6. The section of the passage between the needle 5 and the calibrated orifice 8 controls the delivery of fuel utilised by the carburetor. For normal running, the diaphragm is maintained at its mean position by the action of two opposing springs It is advantageous to employ a device with a double diaphragm such as that which forms the of U. S. application No. 140,9 5, 1937, in the same name. The diaphragm can equally be replaced by a piston, a slide valve, or the like.

The chamber 2 communicates with the exterior bya calibrated orifice l and I3 and the conduit H.

In the same way, the chamber 3 communicates with the exterior by a calibrated orifice 8 and with the conduit I 3 by a conduit l2, the communication between i2 and I 3 t medium of a sleeve I! by the action of a hand The functioning of this lever l9. device is as lated.

8 and, consequently, the delivery of fuel.

If it is supposed, for example, that the fluid contained in the conduit I3 is at a constant pressure, the position of the needle 5 in the calibrated orifice depends solely sections or the upon the relation of the oziiioe 8, on the one hand, and

. spectively it is desired to diminish it, which is the normal operation for effecting altimetric correction, it is suflicient to actuate the hand lever I8, the result of which will be to establish a communication between the conduit I3 and the chamber 2. The diaphragm is then moved towards the bottom and causes, in consequence, a diminution of the delivery of fuel and, in the same way for each position of the hand-lever I8, there will be a corresponding position of the needle 5. It is obvious the conduits II and I2 can be as long as is necessary and it is possible, in this way, to locate the hand levers I8' and I9 at the disposal of the pilot, whilst the device constituted by the diaphragm and the needle can be located on the carburetors which can be as distant as desired from the pilots position. I

On Fig. 1 a device has been shown which is suitable to be mounted on a carburetor, but it should be understood that it is possible to branch,

on the conduits II and I2, as many by-passes as desired, in order to act on as many carburetors as is necessary. It is equally possible to act with a single diaphragm or piston on two or a greater number of carburetors.

Fig. 2 shows a variation of the device according to Fig. 1, in which the two slide valves I4 and I5 are coupled between themselves andcan be actuated by a single control I8, this control being, as shown on Fig. 2, a hand control, or it may be automatic.

- I The annular narrowed portions or slots of the slide valves I4 and I5 are arranged in such a way that at the mean position there is no communication between the conduits II and I2 and the conduit I3 and in such a way that a movement of the control I8 in one direction establishes communication between the conduit I3 and the conduit Ii for example, whereas a movement in the other direction establishes a communication between the conduit I3 and the other conduit I2.

In this way it is possible, with a single band lever I8, to control .ither the enrichment, or the correction, by moving this hand lever to one side or the other of its mean position.

Fig. 3 shows another variation of the arrangement according to Fig. 1. Here, the diaphragm rates two chambers 2 and 3, communicating rewith the exterior by calibrated orifices I and 8, but only the chamber 2 is capable of communicating, by the conduit 28, with the conduit I3 containing the fluid under constant pressure and only the chamber 3 contains a calibrated spring II) which always tends to push the diaphragm towards the topof Fig. 2, which would correspond to the position of maximum delivery of the fuel.

Between the conduit I3 is interposed in a sleeve I! under the control of a hand lever I9. The conduit 28 likewise communicates with the exterior, for example by a conduit 2|, this communication having a variable section by the movement of a slide valve I4 with its annular and the conduit a slide valve I5, capable of sliding narrowed portion or a slot, and capable of sliding in a sleeve I6 under the control of a hand lever I8.

The functioning of this device is as follows: If the positions of the hand levers I8 and I8 are suitably chosen, so that the narrowed parts of the slide valves I4 and I5 establish a com-' munication of suitable section between the conduits 28 and 2I, on the one hand, and the conduit 28 and the conduit I3, on the other hand, and if account is taken of the section of the orifice I and of the characteristics of the callbrated spring I8, it is seen that it is possible to maintain the diaphragm I at its mean position, as indicated on Fig. 2. It suffices, in effect, if the pressure of the fluid contained in the chamber 2 balances the spring III in the mean position of the diaphragm. Under these conditions, the

position of the needle 5 corresponds to the normal cruising speed.

If it is desired to enrich the mixture, it is sufficient to actuate hand lever I8 so as to increase the passage section between the conduit 28 and the conduit 2I. In this way, the pressure in the chamber 2 diminishes and, under the action of the spring I8, the diaphragm again moves towards the top of the figure, increasing the free ,section of the orifice 6 and, for every position of the hand lever I8 there is a corresponding position of the needle 5.

If, on the contrary, it is desired to impoverish the mixture to make an altimetric correction, it is suflicient to actuate the hand lever IS in order to increase the section which causes the conduit 28 to communicate with the conduit I8, which has the effect of increasing the pressure in the chamber 2 and compressing the spring III while diminishing the free section of the orifice 6. It should be noted that it is also possible to actuate the hand lever I8 by diminishing the passage section between and 2I. It is therefore seen that it is possible to perform the two operations with a single hand lever, the passage section between 28 and I3 then being replaced by an orifice of fixed section.

Of course, as in Fig. 1, the conduit 20 can be I as long as isdesired and can comprise as many by-passes as desired for controlling similar de- 7 vices for as many carburetors as is necessary. It may bra-advantageous to utilise, as source of fluid under pressure, the pressure of the air produced at a suitably chosen point, by the movement of the aircraft.

Fig. 4 shows the same device as Fig. 3, but for which the hand controls are replaced by auto-- matic controls constituted by slide valves I4 and I5, controlled respectively by barometric I, which can be simple or double, always sepacapsules 22 and 24. The barometric capsule 22 is enclosed in a chamber 28 and it is adjustable by a nut 23. This chamber communicates, by a conduit 28, with a suitably chosen point of the intake pipeof the engine, for example. In this way, if the vicinity of full power is attained, the pressure increasing in the intake pipe, the capsule contracts, increasing the passage section be- .tween 20 and 2I, which has for effect, as for Fig. 3, to move the diaphragm I towards the top and to increase the delivery of fuel. The capsule 24 is enclosed in a chamber 21 and is adjustable by a nut 25. This chamber communicates by the conduit 29, for example, with the atmospheric air and serves to effect automatic altimetric correction. In effect, if the atmospheric pressure diminishes, the capsule expands.

It carries along the slide valve l5 which 111-.

valve 38 to move it creases the passage sectionbetween and I3, which has the eifect of increasing the pressure in the chamber 2 and, in consequence, diminishing the delivery of fuel.

Naturally, as hasben stated for Fig. 3, this assembly of the two capsules with their slide valve can be located at any distance from the carburetors and, in particular, it is advantageous to place these capsules in a position where they are subjected to the minimum vibrations, which is possible since the conduit 20 can have any length whatever.

Moreover, the adjusting nut23 could be replaced by a hand control, for example a hand lever such as l8 (Fig. 3), which would allow the modifying of the functioning of the capsule 22 by the movement of this hand lever.

Fig. 5 shows a slide valve, such as M, actuated by two capsules 22 and 30, subjected to the same pressure by the conduit 28 and adjustable respectively by the nuts 23 and 3|, the capsule 30 transmitting to the slide valve H a movement in the same direction and of the same amplitude as the capsule 22, through the intermediary of the link 32, beam 33 and link 34.

A safety device is thus obtained. In efl'ect, if one of the capsules should burst for example, the other capsule continues to operate without disturbing the efiicient running of the apparatus.

It is well understood that each of the two slide valves l4 and I5 of the arrangement according to Fig. 4 can be actuated by two capsules,

n a manner similar to that of Fig. 5.

In certain cases, the two correction and enrichment devices can also be actuated by a single capsule, by having recourse to an arrangement similar to that forming the subject of French specification No. 817,796 filed in the same name.

Fig. 6 shows an automatic device for creating pressures which are a function of the length of a barometric capsule, that is to say a function of the pressure to which this barometric capsule is itself subjected.

This device has, moreover, the advantage of utilising, as a source of fluid under pressure, a fluid the pressure of which can be variable.

It is constituted by a barometric capsule 35, located in a chamber 36, adapted to be disposed to receive pressure taken at a suitably chosen point of the engine, through the medium of the conduit 31. This capsule is coupled, on the onehand, to a distributor slide valve 38 permitting a conduit 4| to be placed in communication either with the inlet for a fluid under pressure, or

with an outlet 39 for this fluid, the communication of theconduit 4| with the conduits 39 or 40' taking place accordingly as the capsule 35 is deformed since it is connected to the slide in one direction or the other.

The channel 4| communicates with a chamber 43 separated by a diaphragm 42 from a chamber 44. In this chamber 44 is housed a calibrated spring 45 which tends constantly to push the diaphragm towards the top of the figure. This diaphragm is connected to a rod 48 which moves with the diaphragm and which is pivoted to a beam 49 which is connected to the rod 50 coupled to the capsule 35. This beam is also pivoted to a link 5|, the other extremity of which ispivoted on the hand lever 52 movable around the spindle 53. The handle arm of the lever 52 extends downwardly and its end is provided with is disposed a spring pressed a bore in which pointed member 54. This pointed member 54 is adapted to engage triangular notches 55 of an 9 the air inlet of arcuate stop member 56. This arrangement retains the bellcrank 52 It has been supposed, in the case of Fig. 6,-

that the apparatus only controls a single movement of the diaphragm situated on the carburetors or controls a group of carburetors. The conduit 41 in that case is united with the conduit 20 of Fig. 3, although when a device similar to that of Fig. 6 is utilised, it is necessary to eliminate the calibrated orifice 1 of Fig. 3.

This device functions in the following manner:

It has been supposed that it serves solely for making an altimetric correction of carburetors and, in consequence, for each pressure existing at the carburetor, there must be made to correspond a single well-determined pressure on the diaphragm in order to have a To this end, being a necessary condition, that the diaphragm 42 has the same surface and the same characber 43, forcing the diaphragm 40 teristics as the diaphragm and 45 likewise has the same characteristics as the spring I. In this way, for a given pressure in the chamber 43 and in the conduit 41, the same movements are obtained for the diaphragms and 42. If it'is supposed that the pressure to is subjected is varied, for example that'it is diminished,.the capsule expands and causes theslide valve 38 to establish a communication between the conduits 40 and The fluid under pressure enters the cham-, 42 towards the bottom against the action of the spring 45. The movement towards the bottom of the diaphragm 42 and, in consequence, of the rod 48 will also result in displacing the the action of between the conduits 40 and 4|.

At this moment there exist in the chamber 43 a pressure which i determined by the characterof the pressure of the fluid contained in the con-.

duit 40.- If, inversely, the pressure increases in the chamber 36, the capsule contracts, establishes a communication between 39 and 4|, causinga fall of pressure in the chamber 43 and a movement of the diaphragm 42 towards the top and.

y in consequence, of the capsule 35, until there is obturation of the passage which determines a new pressure in the chamber The diaphragm or diaphragms, such as I,

in position so that movement of the bar 49 will not move the bellcrank that the spring between 39 and 4|,' I

other operation and recourse can be had, as fluid under pressure, to any fluid such as air under pressure or suction, oil, or otherwise.

The invention is not limited to the precise spring means acting on the other face of said pressure member, amanometric capsule; automatic means for creating pressures which are a function of the pressure to which said capsule forms or details of construction described, as I these may be varied to suit particular cases.

What I claim is:

Control means for valves and the like, comprising a chamber, a pressure responsive member located in said chamber and adapted to be connected to the mechanism to be controlled, 9. source or control fluid under pressure, a conduit connected to said chamber for supplying control fluid to one face of said responsive .member,

is subjected, said automatic means comprising a chamber, a diaphragm dividing said chamber, the space in the chamber on one side 01' said diaphragm being connected in said conduit, 9. compression spring acting on said diaphragm, a rod, one end of which is connected with said diaphraam. a bell crank lever adapted to be operated by hand, a link pivoted to one arm of said bell crank lever, ,and a bar pivoted to the other end of said link and to said rod to connect the rod and the link, and means connecting said bar intermediately to said manometric capsule, whereby said bell crank lever and its connected elements constitute a supplementary hand actuated controlmeans.

'MARCEL MENNESSON. 

